F18-CLA228 Review-Exam 1

Overview of History (753 - 42BC)

Founding of Rome
- legends
  - Aeneas, Venus, Troy
  - Mars, Romulus, Remus, wolf, Sabine Women
  - Lucretia, Brutus, Tarquinius Superbus, Tarquinius Sextus
- reality
Kingship (753-509)
- Governmental structure
- Merger with Sabines, position of women
- Examples of Etruscan influence
- Why did the kingship end according to legend? Is there any historical basis for the legend?
The Republic (508-42)
- Government: Functions, etc. of Consul, Praetor, Quaestor, Aedile, Censor, Tribune, the Senate, the Assemblies (as a whole)
- Development/Spread (508-264)
  - key to spread?
  - what were the ways they treated those they conquered?
  - suffered a major setback at the hands of whom, when?
  - whom did they fight in Southern Italy? results?
- Conquest of Mediterranean (264-133 BC)
  - why did they fight Carthage each time? results of each war?
  - whom did they defeat in the East after they defeated Carthage? results?
  - what was the new system for treating those they conquered?
  - what was effect of these conquests on the Roman state?
- The end of the Republic (133-42 BC)
  - what solution did the Gracchi propose to the problems the Roman state was having? Results?
  - what solution did Marius effect? Results? Who was Marius?
  - who were Sulla, Pompey, Crassus, Caesar & Brutus and what was their significance?

Key Terms: animism, pax deorum, pietas, cultus deorum
Major elements of religious practice: sacrifice, prayer, vow, divination
Major priests/priestesses: Pontifices, Vestal Virgins, Flamines, augurs
Deities of the home: Lares, Penates, Janus, Vesta, Manes
Festivals: Ambarvalia, Robigalia, Lupercalia, Saturnalia (know the principal deity(ies), what sacrificed, what special about the festival)

City Life: What are the pro's and con's of life in the city of Rome?
Slavery:
- Sources for slaves?
- Owned by?
- Occupations?
- Treatment:
  - Of slaves in the mines, on farms, in the city?
  - Differences based on occupation? Gender? Nationality? Owner? Time period?
  - Other?
- "upper" class/management slaves: qualities of, job/duties, perks
- Revolts of Eunus and Spartacus
  - reasons for the revolts
  - how did the revolts end?
Freedpersons:
- Reasons for manumission?
- Restrictions on freedom of freedpersons?
- Restrictions on freedoms of children of freedpersons?
- Roman attitudes towards freedpersons? consistent?
- Occupations?
- Relations with former master (now patron)
  - responsibilities to former master
  - how does naming work?
  - limitations on what former master can expect
  - responsibilities of former masters
  - cordial relations? strained relations?

Freedpersons: The inscriptions written on tombstones form one important source of information about ancient Roman society, and freedpersons in particular. Use Shelton, #236-7,239-241, 242, 244, 246-7, & 250 as a springboard for a discussion of freedpersons; you may also use other passages from our readings as you see fit. As usual, make sure you give a plethora of pertinent facts/examples, especially from these passages, to back up your conclusions (FYI: # refers to passage numbers, not page numbers).

Religion: A number of years ago an aid to President Bush noted flipped the common meme, saying "Every silver lining has a cloud" ("AIDS Funding," NPR: 2/11/03). Examine the advantages and disadvantages of Roman religion for the "average" Roman with regard to that quote. Make sure you give a plethora of pertinent facts/examples from the readings to back up your conclusions and that these are based on a variety of authors/sources.